#Rose water skin
It helps in the reduction of thirst, healing old caugh, special complaints of women, wound healing, and skin health.
Rose oil heals depression, grief, nervous stress and tension. This plant is also used as a gentle laxative ( 16). damascena plant as a cough remedy to ease children’s cough ( 13).
North American Indian tribes used a decoction of the root of R. damascena in ancient medicine are including treatment of abdominal and chest pain, strengthening the heart ( 22), treatment of menstrual bleeding and digestive problems ( 23), and reduction of inflammation, especially of the neck ( 24). Iran was the main producer of rose oil until the 16th century and exported it to all around the world ( 19- 21). It is believed that the crude distillation of roses for the oil was originated from in the late 7th century AD, and spread to the provinces of later in 14th century. damascena in Iran has a long history and Iran is one of its origins ( 18). There are many evidences that cultivation and consumption of R. damascena in Iran are Kashan, Fars and Azerbaijan, among them Kashan is the most famous one ( 8). This plant is cultivated in all over the world including Iran, Europe, Bulgaria, Turkey and India ( 17). The origin of Damask rose is the Middle East and some evidences indicate that the origin of rose water is Iran, but the origin of its fragrant oil and extracts is Greece ( 16). Some fossils of rose are found in America that are 30 million years old ( 15). There are evidences that Rosaceae family is an ancient plant ( 8, 9, 15). Its propagation is mostly by cutting and using Suckers but micropropagation is a developing propagation method for this plant in Iran ( 8). Gestation period is three years for attaining economic production level. Its life span is up to 50 and economic period is about 25 years. The leaves are imparipinnate and compound with 5-7 leaflets ( 13, 14) ( Figure 1). damascena is a perennial bushy shrub reaching approximately 1 to 2 meters in height with large, showy and colorful flowers. damascena that recently have been published in numerous studies. Therefore, in this review we collect and discuss important pharmacological effects of R. However, there are not any reviews to collect pharmacological effects of R. Various products and isolated constituents from flowers, petals and hips (seed-pot) of this plant have been studied in a variety of in vivo and in vitro studies. damascena has also been used for medicinal purposes ( 12). damascena and the lack of natural and synthetic substitutes, essential rose oil of this plant is one of the most expensive ones in the world markets ( 11). People call this plant Flower of Prophet Mohammed (Gole mohammadi), because they believe its nice aroma reminds them of prophet Mohammad ( 8).Īt the present time, this plant is cultivated in Iran (especially in Kashan) for preparing rose water and essential oil ( 9, 10). Its popularity is not only because of the medicinal effects but also is due to holy beliefs about it. There is a strong bond between Iranians and this plant. The rose water were scattered at weddings to ensure a happy marriage and are symbol of love and purity and are also used to aid meditation and prayer. damascena is mainly known for its perfuming effects ( 7). damascena as ornamental plants in parks, gardens, and houses, they are principally cultivated for using in perfume, medicine and food industry ( 6).
At present time, over 200 rose species and more than 18000 cultivars form of the plant have been identified ( 5). Rosaceae are well- known ornamental plants and have been referred to as the king of flowers ( 3, 4). It is one of the most important species of Rosaceae family. Rosa damascena mill L, commonly known as Damask rose ( 1), is known as Gole Mohammadi in Iran ( 2).
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